Reports have put the death toll of this incident between three hundred thousand and five hundred thousand people all across Iraq in addition to approximately two million people being displaced.
When the US army entered Iraq in , Karbala witnessed armed skirmishes between the residents of the city and the US military within the streets leading up to the mausoleums of Imam al-Husayn a and al-'Abbas a.
Also, in , following the armed clashes between the group associated with Sadrists known as the Mahdi Army and the US army in the cities of Najaf, Basra and the Baghdad suburb of Sadr City, the US army entered Karbala with heavily armored personal to prevent any possible attack in the city on them by the Sadrists.
They also blocked the roads around the mausoleums and attacked the offices of the Sadrists in the city. The main reason for these conflicts was their opposition to the occupation of the American forces of Iraq. Still, the difference of this occasion was that the main opposition to them was the Iraqi Police Force, whilst the US army entered the arena as a supporting unit to the police.
After the fall of the Baathist regime in Iraq, extremist and terrorist factions belonging to Al-Qaeda, together with former Baathist officials of the previous fallen regime, conducted a string of terrorist activities in the city of Karbala. These activities, which were also done in other cities of Iraq, wasted a large amount of life and wealth of the Iraqi Nation. The majority of terrorist activities in the city of Karbala occurred during the commemoration days of Imam al-Husayn a , i.
In the last two decades, the Shi'a Marja'iyya, because of their actions and the prosperity of the seminary of Karbala, has had a great influence on the political and social landscape of Iraq. The activities of the socio-political organizations in Karbala coincided with the political changes in Iraq and, at times, Iran. The reaction of the scholars in Najaf and Karbala following the Constitutional Revolution in Iran is an example of this.
The constitutional movement caused shockwaves within the Najaf seminary. Also, it affected the seminary of Karbala with the difference between the two that the position of the seminary of Karbala towards this movement was negative. In the 20th century and especially during the British occupation of Iraq, Karbala witnessed the formation of many different parties and movements and the establishment of branches of active Iraqi parties within it. The Marja'iyya of Karbala and its seminary had political, ideological, and cultural relationships with some of the active movements in Karbala.
The seeking of independence and the exit of the British from this country were the main goals of this movement during the first half of the 20th century. After the edict of jihad by Ayatollah al-Shirazi, this organization was very influential in the Iraqi Uprisings. With various communist blocs in the wake of Iraqi independence, branches such as the Iraqi Communist Party were established and active in Najaf and Karbala.
They attracted a large amount of youth towards their ideals. One of their first conferences was held in Karbala. The uprising of Imam al-Husayn a and the event of Karbala left a lasting cultural effect on the Shi'a population. The city of Karbala was the source of many of the cultural activities of the Shi'a that stemmed from 'Ashura. Some of those practices include the Tuwairij mourning ceremony, the Ziyarah al-Arba'in and its procession , the building of husayniyyas and religious centers, the making turbah and misbaha from the soil of Karbala and ta'ziya depicting the events of Karbala.
One of the mourning rituals of the Shi'a during the days of Muharram is the Tuwairij mourning ritual. Tuwairij is a village located approximately ten kilometers from Karbala and has become mainly associated with this ritual of the Shi'a on the day of Ashura. The Shi'a of Karbala walk towards the mausoleums of Imam al-Husayn a and al-'Abbas a from this village on the afternoon of the Ashura, when they arrive in the vicinity of the mausoleums, they run between " Bayn al-Haramayn " the place between the two mausoleums while beating heads and cheats in grief.
This ritual is done in remembrance of the late arrival of the inhabitants of this city to Karbala on the day of Ashura. One of the religious rituals of the Shi'a is the Arba'in visitation of Karbala.
The Shi'a from the very first centuries, because of the importance given to it by the Infallible Imams , had a great religious zeal towards the Arba'in visitation. On the day of Arba'in, a huge gathering of mourners from all over Iraq and the World are present in Karbala and form one of the largest gatherings on Earth. The soil of Karbala or the soil of Imam al-Husayn a that is usually sand or dust gathered from around the grave of Imam al-Husayn a is shown a great deal of respect by the Shi'a because of the qualities that have been narrated about it.
In jurisprudence, doing prostration on the soil of Karbala is a highly recommended action. The building of husayniyyas to house and shelter the visitors of Imam al-Husayn a is one of the steps that have been done over the last century. After its renovations, this husayniyya became known as the Tihrani husayniyya, which was later changed to the Haydariyah husayniyya. Before this, there are no records of any husayniyyas existing in the city. Some of these historical husayniyyas were built by Iranian scholars and people in business, whilst Indian Shi'a built some others.
After the fall of the Baathist regime, the building of husayniyyas increased drastically and even the construction of hotels was not able to decrease the emergence of new husayniyyas. Ta'ziyas are like religious depictions which can be seen in many Iraqi cities, including Karbala. Ta'ziyas, as it is known today was first extremely popular during the Qajar era in Iran; it then entered Iraq around the 20th century.
These ta'ziyas are also known in Najaf and Karbala as "tashabih" or "masrah al-Husayni". The performance of these plays, like many other Shi'a rituals, were restricted and eventually forbidden by the Baathist Party when they came into power during the s. After their fall in , these plays were revived in many areas across Iraq. According to Iraqi literary and historical reports, the poets of Karbala have played a great role in the scholarly and political movements of Iraq.
Some of their academic, political, and social activities can be seen by their presence in the literature and poetry societies of Karbala and other cities. Some of these societies are still active today. Currently, religious poetry, together with other forms of poetry is popular in Karbala.
This form of poetry, i. It is extremely popular amongst the Iraqi youth. In this era, they were occupied by training students in the city of Karbala. Abd Allah b. The seminary of Karbala had two main schools of thought, the Usuli and Akhbari. However, the Akhbari school did not have many adherents. After the fall of the Safavids, the Iranian scholars, because of the persecution and harassment by the Afghan Sunnis, on the one hand, the pressure of Nadir Shah on the other, were forced to migrate to Iraq and Karbala, in particular, was their chosen destination.
During this period, the Akhbari School was at its peak as a large number of the Iranian scholars had an ideology that was Akhbari inclined. Even with this, because of reasons, the Akhbari School fell by the wayside. His leadership in the fight against British colonialism in Iraq and the joining of some of the scholars and students of the seminary anti-British movements and uprisings brought a new lease of life to the seminary of Karbala.
Many Islamic institutes were built over the centuries in Karbala. A good amount of these institutes were erected by Iranian scholars were living in Karbala. Some had a very high status in the eyes of Shi'a researchers because of the manuscripts that were stored in them. From the very onset of its formation till now, the city of Karbala has been home to many important families.
Some of these families have resided in Karbala from the very first centuries. Families such as the Al Tu'ma and Al Naqib are from this group. However, after acquiring the status of ijtihad or by merely completing the introductory stages of Islamic sciences, some of these scholarly families returned to their countries.
Some of these families that are well recognized in Karbala are Bihbahani family , al-Sadr family , al-Shirazi family , al-Shahristani family , al-Kashmiri family, al-Rashti family, and al-Mar'ashi family.
In the contemporary age, some of the Shi'a political personalities in Iraq and Iran are or were citizens of Karbala. Jump to: navigation , search. Main article: Al-Intifada al-Sha'baniyya. Main article: Arba'in visitation. Main article: Soil of Imam al-Husayn's a grave.
Main article: ta'ziya. Second edition. Tehran: Nashr-i Niyy, Sh. Beirut: [n. Group of authors. Sixth edition. Sawhan Mosque. Battle of Karbala. Imam al-Husayn a al-'Abbas b.
Muzahir Darghama b. Malik Muslim b. Hilal al-Bajali Abu Bakr b. Ja'far Ja'far b. Ja'far others. Yazid b. Mu'awiya 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad 'Umar b. Sa'd Sinan b. Anas al-Nakha'i Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan. Tawwabun Al-Musayyib b. Najaba Sulayman b.
Some researchers say the name of Karbala means close to God and it is of an old Babylonian origin, some think that the meaning of Karbala is the Babylonian word Kor Babil which means old Babylonian towns , some of these towns are Nainawa, Ghadiryia, Karbala, Aker babil, Nawaweess and Heerr which is called nowadays Hair means in Arabic the land which refuse the water to enter it when al-Mutawakil al-Abassi ordered to drive the water to the holy grave to destroy it, the water stopped and did not harm the holy grave.
The word Karbala's origin is thought of as a two syllable Assyrian word ,the first syllable is Karb meaning sanctuary and ala meaning God , the two syllables form the word God's sanctuary , other historians believe the origin may be Persian formed from the word Karr meaning work and bala meaning higher, Tuf is one of the city's names, perhaps the name Karbala is derived from the Arabic word Kurba meaning soft earth for Karbala has plain lands which made it easy for different kinds of planting, the word Karbal also means a kind of fruit , probably it was named after it.
H and announced his revolution against Yazid Son of Mu'awyia and declared his refusal to recognize Yazid as the Caliph of Muslims, Imam Hussein pbuh was let down by the people of Kufa who had vowed to defend and support his revolution, people of Kufa sent many letters to Imam Hussein pbuh pressing the Imam pbuh to come to Kufa and pledging to support and defend him, but soon after Imam Hussein pbuh arrived in Karbala, they let him down and did not keep their promises and vows.
Imam Hussein pbuh continued his blessed revolution undeterred by the few supporters and being let down, with only few loyal companions, he was patient and fought the massive army, the battle ended with the Martyrdom of Imam Hussein pbuh and his faithful companions. After this Battle, the city has become one of the famous Islamic cities and by the will of Allah, the city had grown to be since that date the city of faith and everyone's wish to come to this city for the Pilgrimage of al-Hussein pbuh the city also called the city of al-Hussein pbuh.
Karbala, in this way, started to grow and develop and boom, for in addition to this historical significance, it has a good and a fertile soil made it a good land for agriculture. Home Karbala History.
What do you know about Karbala? After this Battle, the city has become one of the famous Islamic cities and by the will of Allah, the city had grown to be since that date the city of faith and everyone's wish to come to this city for the Pilgrimage of al-Hussein pbuh the city also called the city of al-Hussein pbuh Karbala, in this way, started to grow and develop and boom, for in addition to this historical significance, it has a good and a fertile soil made it a good land for agriculture.
Prevent The revivalism against injustice.
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